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# Copyright (C) 2021-2025 VMware by Broadcom. # # Author: Shreenidhi Shedi <yesshedi@gmail.com> # # This file is part of cloud-init. See LICENSE file for license information. import logging from collections import defaultdict from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, List, Optional, Tuple from cloudinit import subp, util from cloudinit.net import renderer, should_add_gateway_onlink_flag from cloudinit.net.network_state import NetworkState LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__) def normalize(data: Dict[str, List[Any]]) -> Dict[str, List[Any]]: """ Normalize a dictionary of lists. - Assumes top-level keys map to lists. - Each list and any nested dicts/lists will be recursively normalized. """ normalized = {} for key, value in data.items(): normalized[key] = _normalize_value(value) return normalized def _normalize_value(data: Any) -> Any: """ Recursively normalize a dictionary or list: - Dicts: keys sorted, values normalized - Lists: items normalized and sorted (if comparable) """ if isinstance(data, dict): normalized = {} for key in sorted(data): normalized[key] = _normalize_value(data[key]) return normalized elif isinstance(data, list): normalized_items = [] for item in data: if isinstance(item, (dict, list)): normalized_item = _normalize_value(item) else: normalized_item = item normalized_items.append(normalized_item) try: return sorted(normalized_items) except TypeError: return normalized_items return data class CfgParser: def __init__(self): self.conf_dict = { "Match": [], "Link": [], "Network": [], "DHCPv4": [], "DHCPv6": [], "Address": [], "Route": {}, "NetDev": [], "VLAN": [], "Bond": [], "Bridge": [], "RoutingPolicyRule": {}, } def update_section(self, sec, key, val): for k in self.conf_dict.keys(): if k == sec: self.conf_dict[k].append(f"{key}={val}") self.conf_dict[k] = list(dict.fromkeys(self.conf_dict[k])) self.conf_dict[k].sort() def update_route_section(self, sec, rid, key, val): """ For each route section we use rid as a key, this allows us to isolate this route from others on subsequent calls. """ for k in self.conf_dict.keys(): if k == sec: if rid not in self.conf_dict[k]: self.conf_dict[k][rid] = [] self.conf_dict[k][rid].append(f"{key}={val}") # remove duplicates from list self.conf_dict[k][rid] = list( dict.fromkeys(self.conf_dict[k][rid]) ) self.conf_dict[k][rid].sort() def get_final_conf(self): contents = "" self.conf_dict = normalize(self.conf_dict) for k, v in sorted(self.conf_dict.items()): if not v: continue if k == "Address": for e in sorted(v): contents += f"[{k}]\n{e}\n\n" elif k in ["Route", "RoutingPolicyRule"]: for n in sorted(v): contents += f"[{k}]\n" for e in sorted(v[n]): contents += f"{e}\n" contents += "\n" else: contents += f"[{k}]\n" for e in sorted(v): contents += f"{e}\n" contents += "\n" return contents class Renderer(renderer.Renderer): """ Renders network information in /etc/systemd/network This Renderer is currently experimental and doesn't support all the use cases supported by the other renderers yet. """ def __init__(self, config=None): if not config: config = {} self.resolve_conf_fn = config.get( "resolve_conf_fn", "/etc/systemd/resolved.conf" ) self.network_conf_dir = config.get( "network_conf_dir", "/etc/systemd/network/" ) def generate_match_section(self, iface, cfg: CfgParser): sec = "Match" match_dict = { "name": "Name", "driver": "Driver", } if iface["type"] == "physical": match_dict["mac_address"] = "MACAddress" if not iface: return for k, v in match_dict.items(): if k in iface and iface[k]: cfg.update_section(sec, v, iface[k]) return iface["name"] def generate_link_section(self, iface, cfg: CfgParser): sec = "Link" if not iface: return if iface.get("mtu"): cfg.update_section(sec, "MTUBytes", iface["mtu"]) if iface["type"] != "physical" and iface.get("mac_address"): cfg.update_section(sec, "MACAddress", iface["mac_address"]) if "optional" in iface and iface["optional"]: cfg.update_section(sec, "RequiredForOnline", "no") def parse_routes(self, rid, conf, cfg: CfgParser): """ Parse a route and use rid as a key in order to isolate the route from others in the route dict. """ sec = "Route" route_cfg_map = { "gateway": "Gateway", "network": "Destination", "metric": "Metric", "table": "Table", } # prefix is derived using netmask by network_state prefix = "" if "prefix" in conf: prefix = f"/{conf['prefix']}" for k, v in conf.items(): if k not in route_cfg_map: continue if k == "network": v += prefix cfg.update_route_section(sec, rid, route_cfg_map[k], v) def parse_subnets(self, iface, cfg: CfgParser): dhcp = "no" sec = "Network" rid = 0 for e in iface.get("subnets", []): t = e["type"] if t in {"dhcp4", "dhcp"}: if dhcp == "no": dhcp = "ipv4" elif dhcp == "ipv6": dhcp = "yes" elif t == "dhcp6": if dhcp == "no": dhcp = "ipv6" elif dhcp == "ipv4": dhcp = "yes" if "routes" in e and e["routes"]: for i in e["routes"]: # Use "r" as a dict key prefix for this route to isolate # it from other sources of routes self.parse_routes(f"r{rid}", i, cfg) rid = rid + 1 if "address" in e: addr = e["address"] if "prefix" in e: addr += f"/{e['prefix']}" subnet_cfg_map = { "address": "Address", "gateway": "Gateway", "dns_nameservers": "DNS", "dns_search": "Domains", } for k, v in e.items(): if k == "address": cfg.update_section("Address", subnet_cfg_map[k], addr) elif k == "gateway": # Use "a" as a dict key prefix for this route to # isolate it from other sources of routes cfg.update_route_section( "Route", f"a{rid}", subnet_cfg_map[k], v ) if should_add_gateway_onlink_flag(v, addr): LOG.debug( "Gateway %s is not contained within subnet %s," " adding GatewayOnLink flag", v, addr, ) cfg.update_route_section( "Route", f"a{rid}", "GatewayOnLink", "yes" ) rid = rid + 1 elif k in {"dns_nameservers", "dns_search"}: cfg.update_section(sec, subnet_cfg_map[k], " ".join(v)) cfg.update_section(sec, "DHCP", dhcp) if isinstance(iface.get("accept-ra"), bool): val = "no" if iface["accept-ra"]: val = "yes" cfg.update_section(sec, "IPv6AcceptRA", val) return dhcp # This is to accommodate extra keys present in VMware config def dhcp_domain(self, d, cfg: CfgParser): for item in ["dhcp4domain", "dhcp6domain"]: if item not in d: continue ret = str(d[item]).casefold() try: ret = util.translate_bool(ret) ret = "yes" if ret else "no" except ValueError: if ret != "route": LOG.warning("Invalid dhcp4domain value - %s", ret) ret = "no" if item == "dhcp4domain": section = "DHCPv4" else: section = "DHCPv6" cfg.update_section(section, "UseDomains", ret) def parse_dns(self, iface, cfg: CfgParser, ns: NetworkState): sec = "Network" dns = iface.get("dns") if not dns and ns.version == 1: dns = { "search": ns.dns_searchdomains, "nameservers": ns.dns_nameservers, } elif not dns and ns.version == 2: return if dns.get("search"): cfg.update_section(sec, "Domains", " ".join(dns["search"])) if dns.get("nameservers"): cfg.update_section(sec, "DNS", " ".join(dns["nameservers"])) def parse_dhcp_overrides(self, cfg: CfgParser, device, dhcp, version): dhcp_config_maps = { "UseDNS": "use-dns", "UseDomains": "use-domains", "UseHostname": "use-hostname", "UseNTP": "use-ntp", } if version == "4": dhcp_config_maps.update( { "SendHostname": "send-hostname", "Hostname": "hostname", "RouteMetric": "route-metric", "UseMTU": "use-mtu", "UseRoutes": "use-routes", } ) if f"dhcp{version}-overrides" in device and dhcp in [ "yes", f"ipv{version}", ]: dhcp_overrides = device[f"dhcp{version}-overrides"] for k, v in dhcp_config_maps.items(): if v in dhcp_overrides: cfg.update_section(f"DHCPv{version}", k, dhcp_overrides[v]) def create_network_file(self, link, conf, nwk_dir, ext=".network"): net_fn_owner = "systemd-network" LOG.debug("Setting Networking Config for %s", link) net_fn = f"{nwk_dir}10-cloud-init-{link}{ext}" if conf.endswith("\n\n"): conf = conf[:-1] util.write_file(net_fn, conf) util.chownbyname(net_fn, net_fn_owner, net_fn_owner) def render_network_state( self, network_state: NetworkState, templates: Optional[dict] = None, target=None, ) -> None: network_dir = self.network_conf_dir if target: network_dir = subp.target_path(target) + network_dir util.ensure_dir(network_dir) network = self._render_content(network_state) vlan_netdev = network.pop("vlan_netdev", {}) bond_netdev = network.pop("bond_netdev", {}) bridge_netdev = network.pop("bridge_netdev", {}) for k, v in network.items(): self.create_network_file(k, v, network_dir) for k, v in vlan_netdev.items(): self.create_network_file(k, v, network_dir, ext=".netdev") for k, v in bond_netdev.items(): self.create_network_file(k, v, network_dir, ext=".netdev") for k, v in bridge_netdev.items(): self.create_network_file(k, v, network_dir, ext=".netdev") def parseRoutingPolicy(self, policy, cfg: CfgParser): rid = 0 key = "RoutingPolicyRule" for val in policy: for k, v in val.items(): cfg.update_route_section(key, rid, k.capitalize(), v) rid += 1 def extractRoutingPolicies(self, nsCfg: Dict): routingPolicies = {} key = "routing-policy" for section in ("ethernets", "bonds", "vlans", "bridges"): if section not in nsCfg: continue for iface, settings in nsCfg[section].items(): if key in settings: routingPolicies[iface] = settings[key] return routingPolicies def _render_content(self, ns: NetworkState): ret_dict = {} vlan_dict = self.render_vlans(ns) vlan_netdev = vlan_dict["vlan_netdev"] vlan_link = vlan_dict["vlan_link"] ret_dict["vlan_netdev"] = vlan_netdev bond_dict = self.render_bonds(ns) bond_netdev = bond_dict["bond_netdev"] bond_link = bond_dict["bond_link"] ret_dict["bond_netdev"] = bond_netdev bridge_dict = self.render_bridges(ns) bridge_netdev = bridge_dict["bridge_netdev"] bridge_link = bridge_dict["bridge_link"] ret_dict["bridge_netdev"] = bridge_netdev routingPolicies = self.extractRoutingPolicies(ns.config) for iface in ns.iter_interfaces(): cfg = CfgParser() iface_name = iface["name"] vlan_link_name = vlan_link.get(iface_name, []) for i in vlan_link_name: cfg.update_section("Network", "VLAN", i) rPolicy = routingPolicies.get(iface_name) if rPolicy: self.parseRoutingPolicy(rPolicy, cfg) bond_link_name = bond_link.get(iface_name) if bond_link_name: cfg.update_section("Network", "Bond", bond_link_name) bridge_link_name = bridge_link.get(iface_name) if bridge_link_name: val = ( bridge_link["path-cost"] .get(bridge_link_name, {}) .get(iface_name) ) if val: cfg.update_section("Bridge", "Cost", val) val = ( bridge_link["port-priority"] .get(bridge_link_name, {}) .get(iface_name) ) if val: cfg.update_section("Bridge", "Priority", val) cfg.update_section("Network", "Bridge", bridge_link_name) link = self.generate_match_section(iface, cfg) self.generate_link_section(iface, cfg) dhcp = self.parse_subnets(iface, cfg) self.parse_dns(iface, cfg, ns) rid = 0 for route in ns.iter_routes(): # Use "c" as a dict key prefix for this route to isolate it # from other sources of routes self.parse_routes(f"c{rid}", route, cfg) rid = rid + 1 if ns.version == 2: name: Optional[str] = iface["name"] # network state doesn't give dhcp domain info # using ns.config as a workaround here # Check to see if this interface matches against an interface # from the network state that specified a set-name directive. # If there is a device with a set-name directive and it has # set-name value that matches the current name, then update the # current name to the device's name. That will be the value in # the ns.config['ethernets'] dict below. for dev_name, dev_cfg in ns.config["ethernets"].items(): if "set-name" in dev_cfg: if dev_cfg.get("set-name") == name: name = dev_name break if name in ns.config["ethernets"]: device = ns.config["ethernets"][name] # dhcp{version}domain are extra keys only present in # VMware config self.dhcp_domain(device, cfg) for version in ["4", "6"]: if ( f"dhcp{version}domain" in device and "use-domains" in device.get(f"dhcp{version}-overrides", {}) ): exception = ( f"{name} has both dhcp{version}domain" f" and dhcp{version}-overrides.use-domains" f" configured. Use one" ) raise RuntimeError(exception) self.parse_dhcp_overrides(cfg, device, dhcp, version) ret_dict.update({link: cfg.get_final_conf()}) return ret_dict def render_vlans(self, ns: NetworkState) -> dict: vlan_link_info = defaultdict(list) vlan_ndev_configs = {} vlan_filter = renderer.filter_by_type("vlan") for iface in ns.iter_interfaces(vlan_filter): iface_name = iface["name"] vlan_id = iface.get("vlan_id") parent = iface.get("vlan-raw-device") if vlan_id is None or parent is None: LOG.warning( "Skipping VLAN %s - missing 'id' or 'link'", iface_name ) continue vlan_link_info[parent].append(iface_name) # -------- .netdev for VLAN -------- cfg = CfgParser() cfg.update_section("NetDev", "Name", iface_name) cfg.update_section("NetDev", "Kind", "vlan") val = iface.get("mtu") if val: cfg.update_section("NetDev", "MTUBytes", val) val = iface.get("mac_address") if val: cfg.update_section("NetDev", "MACAddress", val.lower()) cfg.update_section("VLAN", "Id", vlan_id) vlan_ndev_configs[iface_name] = cfg.get_final_conf() return { "vlan_netdev": vlan_ndev_configs, "vlan_link": vlan_link_info, } def render_bonds(self, ns: NetworkState) -> dict: bond_link_info: Dict[str, Any] = {} bond_ndev_configs = {} section = "Bond" bond_filter = renderer.filter_by_type("bond") slave_filter = renderer.filter_by_attr("bond-master") for iface in ns.iter_interfaces(bond_filter): iface_name = iface["name"] bond_slaves = [ slave_iface["name"] for slave_iface in ns.iter_interfaces(slave_filter) if slave_iface["bond-master"] == iface_name ] if not bond_slaves: LOG.warning( "Skipping bond %s - missing 'interfaces'", iface_name ) continue bond_link_info.update({iface: iface_name for iface in bond_slaves}) # -------- .netdev for Bond -------- cfg = CfgParser() cfg.update_section("NetDev", "Name", iface_name) cfg.update_section("NetDev", "Kind", "bond") val = iface.get("mtu") if val: cfg.update_section("NetDev", "MTUBytes", val) val = iface.get("mac_address") if val: cfg.update_section("NetDev", "MACAddress", val.lower()) # Optional bond parameters ParamMapType = Dict[str, Tuple[str, Callable[[object], str]]] param_map: ParamMapType = { "bond-ad-select": ("AdSelect", str), "bond-arp-interval": ("ARPIntervalSec", lambda v: f"{v}ms"), "bond-arp-validate": ("ARPValidate", str), "bond-downdelay": ("DownDelaySec", lambda v: f"{v}ms"), "bond-fail-over-mac": ("FailOverMACPolicy", str), "bond-lacp-rate": ("LACPTransmitRate", str), "bond-miimon": ("MIIMonitorSec", lambda v: f"{v}ms"), "bond-min-links": ("MinLinks", str), "bond-mode": ("Mode", str), "bond-num-grat-arp": ("GratuitousARP", str), "bond-primary-reselect": ("PrimaryReselectPolicy", str), "bond-updelay": ("UpDelaySec", lambda v: f"{v}ms"), "bond-xmit-hash-policy": ("TransmitHashPolicy", str), "bond-all-slaves-active": ( "AllSlavesActive", lambda v: str(v).lower(), ), "bond-arp-all-targets": ("ARPAllTargets", str), "bond-learn-packet-interval": ("LearnPacketIntervalSec", str), "bond-packets-per-slave": ("PacketsPerSlave", str), } for key, (option, formatter) in param_map.items(): if key in iface: cfg.update_section(section, option, formatter(iface[key])) if "arp-ip-targets" in iface: targets = iface["arp-ip-targets"] if isinstance(targets, str): targets = [targets] cfg.update_section(section, "ARPIPTargets", " ".join(targets)) bond_ndev_configs[iface_name] = cfg.get_final_conf() return { "bond_netdev": bond_ndev_configs, "bond_link": bond_link_info, } def render_bridges(self, ns: NetworkState) -> dict: bridge_link_info: Dict[str, Any] = { "macaddress": {}, "path-cost": {}, "port-priority": {}, } bridge_ndev_configs = {} bridge_filter = renderer.filter_by_type("bridge") for iface in ns.iter_interfaces(bridge_filter): iface_name = iface["name"] bridge_ports = iface.get("bridge_ports", []) if not bridge_ports: LOG.warning( "Skipping bridge %s - missing 'interfaces'", iface_name ) continue # Map each interface to its bridge for bridge_port in bridge_ports: bridge_link_info[bridge_port] = iface_name # ---- .netdev config for the bridge ---- cfg = CfgParser() cfg.update_section("NetDev", "Name", iface_name) cfg.update_section("NetDev", "Kind", "bridge") val = iface.get("mtu") if val: cfg.update_section("NetDev", "MTUBytes", val) val = iface.get("mac_address") if val: cfg.update_section("NetDev", "MACAddress", val.lower()) # Bridge parameters param_map = { "bridge_ageing": "AgeingTimeSec", "bridge_bridgeprio": "Priority", "bridge_fd": "ForwardDelaySec", "bridge_hello": "HelloTimeSec", "bridge_maxage": "MaxAgeSec", "bridge_stp": "STP", } for key, sysd_key in param_map.items(): val = iface.get(key) if val: if isinstance(val, bool): val = "yes" if val else "no" cfg.update_section("Bridge", sysd_key, val) val = iface.get("bridge_pathcost") if val: bridge_link_info["path-cost"][iface_name] = val val = iface.get("bridge_portprio") if val: bridge_link_info["port-priority"][iface_name] = val bridge_ndev_configs[iface_name] = cfg.get_final_conf() return { "bridge_netdev": bridge_ndev_configs, "bridge_link": bridge_link_info, } def available(target=None): expected = ["ip", "systemctl"] search = ["/usr/sbin", "/bin"] for p in expected: if not subp.which(p, search=search): return False return True